The Waverley Masterplan would redevelop the historic station, which is predicted to double its annual footfall over the next 25 years.
The plan is also to make the station more accessible and environmentally friendly.
The Network rail plans have been described as an “exciting concept”.
Steps into the station would be removed and cyclists and pedestrians would be prioritised with storage for 1,800 bikes near the entrances.
There are also proposals for new bus and tram hubs on nearby Princes Street and North Bridge
The central booking hall, where the ticket office is based, would be upgraded with toilets, waiting areas, quiet spaces, faith and work spaces.
There would also be a bigger selection of shops.
Cabinet Secretary for Transport Michael Matheson said: “The masterplan has produced an exciting concept design which delivers a station that can meet operational requirements for the longer term and improves accessibility for all.
“By introducing new points of access in key areas, this plan will ensure the station becomes a seamless gateway to the Old and New towns of Edinburgh and one that encourages greater commuter, business and leisure use alike.
“The next stage of design work will see how 21st century functionality can be incorporated within the historical setting of Waverley.”